How does fuel burn affect CG and aircraft handling during flight?

• A. Fuel burn shifts CG as fuel is consumed from tanks, potentially moving toward aft or forward limits and altering trim and stability.
• B. CG remains constant during flight regardless of fuel burn.
• C. Fuel burn only changes weight, not balance.
• D. CG movement only occurs if tanks are unbalanced due to leakage.

Answer: (A)

Fuel burn changes both the weight and the balance of an aircraft. The center of gravity is determined by how mass is distributed along the aircraft, so when fuel is consumed from tanks that are in different locations, the remaining fuel no longer creates the same moment about the CG. If more fuel is burned from tanks toward the nose, the CG tends to move forward; if more is burned from tanks toward the tail, the CG tends to move aft. This shift toward forward or aft limits affects trim and stability, altering handling characteristics and often requiring changes to elevator trim or flight control input to maintain steady flight.

So this isn’t just a matter of losing weight—the location of that fuel and how it’s being burned matters for where the CG ends up. The other statements miss this balancing act: CG isn’t guaranteed to stay constant just because weight is dropping, and balance can change even without any leakage, simply from how fuel is consumed.